Existing research suggests that voters tend to respond positively to legislator independence
due to two types of mechanism. First, dissent has an indirect effect, increasing a legislator's …

This article presents a scaling approach to jointly estimate the locations of voters, parties,
and European political groups on a common left-right scale. Although most comparative …

The relationship between political parties and voters is usually analysed in a national
framework. However, the majority of states worldwide allow their emigrant citizens to have …

4.7 Protestant views about community benefits from the Agreement, 1998–2010 99 4.8
Catholic views about community benefits from the Agreement, 1998–2010 100 4.9 …

How does voter polarisation affect party responsiveness? Previous research has shown that
political parties emphasise political issues that are important to their voters. However, it is …

Recent studies document that voters infer parties' left‐right policy agreement based on
governing coalition arrangements. This article extends this research to present theoretical …

Political parties increasingly operate at multiple political levels. Nevertheless, we do not yet
know much about the consequences of these multilevel electoral systems (MLESs) on party …

Do political parties respond to interest group mobilization? While party responsiveness to
voters has received widespread attention, little is known about how interest groups affect …

The left-right dimension is widely used by voters and parties as a 'super-issue'with flexible,
varying meaning. Hence, it is important to know how voters place parties on the left-right …

Electoral rules play an important role in determining citizen-elite ideological congruence.
This is because they influence each stage of the representation process as one moves from …