Despite decades of research, cancer continues to be a major global health concern. The
human mouth appears to be a multiplicity of local environments communicating with other …

Chemotherapeutic drugs have been found to activate the immune response against tumors
by inducing immunogenic cell death, in addition to their direct cytotoxic effects toward …

Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) are nanoscale lipid bilayer structures released by gram-
negative bacteria. They share membrane composition and properties with their originating …

Patients receiving high-dose methotrexate (HDMTX) for malignancies are exposed to
diverse complications, including nephrotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, mucositis, myelotoxicity …

Hypoxia is a common feature of most solid tumors, which promotes the proliferation,
invasion, metastasis, and therapeutic resistance of tumors. Researchers have been …

Engineered microorganisms have attracted significant interest as a unique therapeutic
platform in tumor treatment. Compared with conventional cancer treatment strategies …

Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains a leading cause of cancer-related mortality despite efforts
to improve standard interventions. As CRC patients can benefit from immunotherapeutic …

Osteosarcoma is a malignant bone tumor that primarily inflicts the youth. It often
metastasizes to the lungs after chemotherapy failure, which eventually shortens patients' …

Conspectus Living materials represent an emerging and innovative concept at the forefronts
of materials science due to the distinctive living characteristics. Living organisms, such as …

Bacteria inhabit all over the human body, especially the skin, gastrointestinal tract,
respiratory tract, urogenital tract, as well as specific lesion sites, such as wound and tumor …