Abstract Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) have come across several challenges such as
node deployment, the reduction of power consumption, secure routing, bandwidth …

Nodes in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are usually deployed in an unattended even
hostile environment. What is worse, these nodes are equipped with limited battery, storage …

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) not only have become an essential technology in the
current scenario but also has been established as a core technology for many applications …

The development of smart cities and the emergence of three-dimensional (3-D) urban terrain
data have introduced new requirements and issues to the research on the 3-D deployment …

Wireless sensor network (WSN) has become part of human life as it is used in several
applications including healthcare, environment and agricultural, public safety, military …

Clustering in wireless sensor networks has been widely discussed in the literature as a
strategy to reduce power consumption. However, aspects such as cluster formation and …

Nowadays, wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are widely adopted by many civil/military
applications. However, due to the limited capacity of the built-in battery, the lifetime of the …

Heterogeneous wireless sensor networks (HWSNs), as blocks of the Internet of Things, are
vulnerable to malware diffusion breaking the data confidentiality and service availability …

The performance of underwater wireless sensor network gets affected by the working of a
cluster in the network. The cluster head (CH) or cluster member (CM) fails because of …

Despite the wide improvement in wireless sensor networks, energy consumption is still
considered as the most important challenge in this kind of network. Previous research …