Aposematic coloration is commonly considered to signal unpalatability, yet animals
advertise malodour, spines, and weaponry as well as toxins, some of which can be seen at a …

Colouration may endorse thermoregulatory and antipredatory functions in snakes. The
thermal melanism hypothesis predicts that dark-coloured individuals are ecologically …

Animal camouflage is a longstanding example of adaptation. Much research has tested how
camouflage prevents detection and recognition, largely focusing on changes to an animal's …

Pollinating insects such as honeybees play a critical role in maintaining the natural
environment. The decline in honeybee populations is a global issue with significant …

Animal pigment patterns play important roles in behavior and, in many species, red
coloration serves as an honest signal of individual quality in mate choice. Among Danio …

The persistence of ecological systems in changing environments requires energy, materials,
and information. Although the importance of information to ecological function has been …

Poison dart frogs provide classic examples of warning signals: potent toxins signaled by
distinctive, conspicuous coloration. We show that, counterintuitively, the bright yellow and …

T he adaptability of biological organisms to the environment is reflected in many aspects,
especially in their camouflage of appearance. Inspired by biological camouflage strategies …

The strength of biotic interactions is generally thought to increase toward the equator, but
support for this hypothesis is contradictory. We explored whether predator attacks on …

Due to their wide distribution, chemical diversity and scientifically confirmed
pharmacological properties, sea urchin pigments have evoked renewed interest as a …