Many species exhibit high intraspecific color variation between sexes or ontogenetic phases
due to sexual selection or sex-/age-specific differential predation. In crabs, the function and …

Predation can be one of the key factors that determine abundance in insect herbivore
communities, and drive evolution of body size, and anti‐predator traits, including crypsis …

Coloration of stinging insects is often based on contrasted patterns of light and black
pigmentations as a warning signal to predators. However, in many social wasp species …

Aposematic coloration is among the most diverse antipredator strategies, which can signal
unpleasantness of organisms to potential predators and reduce the probability of predation …

Vivid warning signals (aposematism) have evolved repeatedly throughout the animal
kingdom. However, relatively few studies consider what makes an effective signal, in terms …

Chemically defended animals often display conspicuous color patterns that predators learn
to associate with their unprofitability and subsequently avoid. Such animals (ie, aposematic) …

What is aposematism? The word comes from the Greek απο (away) and σεμα (sign) and
describes a strategy whereby animals warn predators about their unprofitability. It consists of …

Many species gain antipredator benefits by combining gregarious behavior with warning
coloration, yet there is debate over which trait evolves first and which is the secondary …

Defended prey often use distinctive, conspicuous, colours to advertise their unprofitability to
potential predators (aposematism). These warning signals are frequently made up of salient …

The evolution of many animal colours is thought to be driven by selection from visually
guided predators. Yet research has largely focused on large vertebrate predators such as …