Many prey have evolved toxins as a defense against predation. Those species that advertise
their toxicity to would-be predators with conspicuous warning signals are known as …

Animal warning signals show remarkable diversity, yet subjectively appear to share certain
visual features that make defended prey stand out and look different from more cryptic …

A new species of Corydoras is described from the rio Jutaí, Amazon basin, Brazil. The new
species can be distinguished from its congeners by having the following features:(I) ventral …

Warning coloration is a widespread strategy to alert predators about prey unprofitability. The
success of this strategy partly depends on predators being able to learn and recognize …

Many animals have evolved remarkable strategies to avoid predation. In diurnal, toxic
harlequin toads (Atelopus) from the Amazon basin, we find a unique colour signal. Some …

The geckos in the genus Strophurus (Diplodactylidae) are one of only two squamate
lineages with specialized caudal defensive glands. Many species in this genus also have …

Marine organisms are an important source of bioactive compounds, among which marine
carotenoids have garnered attention for their health benefits. Hundreds of carotenoids are …

Simple Summary Many studies highlighted that the body color variation in insects is an
adaptation factor that preserves them from possible population reductions due to adverse …

The problem of perceptual organization was studied by Gestalt psychologists in terms of
figure-ground segregation. In this paper we explore a new principle of figure-ground …

Many plants have red/purple young leaves, and it has been proposed that the red/purple
colouration reduces herbivory. Possible mechanisms underlying herbivory avoidance by …