Many factors such as trauma and COVID-19 cause acute kidney injury (AKI). Late AKI have
a very high incidence and mortality rate. Early diagnosis of AKI provides a critical therapeutic …

Biosensors used for medical diagnosis work by analyzing physiological fluids. Antibodies
have been frequently used as molecular recognition molecules for the specific binding of …

A rapid surge in world population leads to an increase in worldwide demand for agricultural
products. Nanotechnology and its applications in agriculture have appeared as a boon to …

The current global COVID-19 pandemic once again highlighted the urgent need for a
simple, cost-effective, and sensitive diagnostic platform that can be rapidly developed for …

Water and soil contamination represents a global environmental concern that severely
affects food and water security, leading to an increased interest in the detection of …

A major societal challenge is the development of the necessary tools for early diagnosis of
diseases such as cancer and sepsis. Consequently, there is a concerted push to develop …

The detection of Escherichia coli (E. coli) is crucial for water monitoring, environmental
evaluation, and food safety. E. coli is a versatile bacterium with significant implications for …

Conventional electrochemical (EC) sensors usually rely on modifying redox substances to
generate signal, which may lead to the requirement of complex modification processes and …

Parasitic infections are a major global health issue causing significant mortality and
morbidity. Despite substantial advances in the diagnostics and treatment of these diseases …

Zinc oxide (ZnO) is a wide bandgap semiconductor material that has been widely explored
for countless applications, including in biosensing. Among its interesting properties, its …