Proteins are nature's primary building blocks for the construction of sophisticated molecular
machines and dynamic materials, ranging from protein complexes such as photosystem II …

The prediction of protein three-dimensional structure from amino acid sequence has been a
grand challenge problem in computational biophysics for decades, owing to its intrinsic …

Advances in DNA sequencing and machine learning are providing insights into protein
sequences and structures on an enormous scale. However, the energetics driving folding …

By averaging over atomic details, coarse-grained (CG) models provide profound
computational and conceptual advantages for studying soft materials. In particular, bottom …

Branched chain amino acids (BCAAs) are building blocks for all life-forms. We review here
the fundamentals of BCAA metabolism in mammalian physiology. Decades of studies have …

Charged and polar groups, through forming ion pairs, hydrogen bonds, and other less
specific electrostatic interactions, impart important properties to proteins. Modulation of the …

Cells are crowded, but proteins are almost always studied in dilute aqueous buffer. We
review the experimental evidence that crowding affects the equilibrium thermodynamics of …

The COronaVIrus Disease (COVID-19) is a newly emerging viral disease caused by the
severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Rapid increase in the …

Shear‐thinning and self‐healing hydrogels are being investigated in various biomedical
applications including drug delivery, tissue engineering, and 3D bioprinting. Such hydrogels …

Proteins fold into unique native structures stabilized by thousands of weak interactions that
collectively overcome the entropic cost of folding. Although these forces are “encoded” in the …