Organoids are simple tissue-engineered cell-based in vitro models that recapitulate many
aspects of the complex structure and function of the corresponding in vivo tissue. They can …

Organoids are in vitro miniaturized and simplified model systems of organs that have gained
enormous interest for modelling tissue development and disease, and for personalized …

Organotypic models of patient-specific tumours are revolutionizing our understanding of
cancer heterogeneity and its implications for personalized medicine. These advancements …

The historical reliance of biological research on the use of animal models has sometimes
made it challenging to address questions that are specific to the understanding of human …

Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) includes a cluster of highly heterogeneous biliary malignant
tumours that can arise at any point of the biliary tree. Their incidence is increasing globally …

Tumor microenvironment (TME) is a specialized ecosystem of host components, designed
by tumor cells for successful development and metastasis of tumor. With the advent of 3D …

Organoids are three-dimensional (3D) miniature structures cultured in vitro produced from
either human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) or adult stem cells (AdSCs) derived from …

Adult stem cell–based organoid technology is a versatile tool for the generation and long-
term maintenance of near-native 3D epithelial tissues in vitro. The generation of cancer …

Simple Summary Cell cultures can be carried out in three dimensions (3D). Organoids and
spheroids are different 3D cell culture models that can be cultured with different techniques …

Tumor organoids have been proposed as a model system for precision medicine. The ability
of tumor organoids to retain characteristics of the original tumor makes them unique for …