Abstract Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), enriched in the tumor stroma, have received
increasing attention because of their multifaceted effects on tumorigenesis, development …

Simple Summary In the last 20 years, the tumor microenvironment (TME) has raised an
increasing interest from the therapeutic point of view. Indeed, different strategies targeting …

Precancerous lesions of the oral mucosa, especially those accompanied by moderate to
severe dysplasia, contribute to the initiation of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) …

Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease with variable survival outcomes. Pathologists
grade the microscopic appearance of breast tissue using the Nottingham criteria, which are …

The tumor stroma of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is characterized by an
abundant and heterogeneous population of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), which are …

Background Colorectal cancer (CRC) consensus molecular subtypes (CMS) have different
immunological, stromal cell, and clinicopathological characteristics. Single-cell …

Background Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are a vital constituent of the tumor
microenvironment (TME) and have several activities, but the effect of CAF heterogeneity on …

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) represent the cornerstone for the treatment of patients
with metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). Despite a favorable response for a …

Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) are deep learning models used widely for solving
various tasks like computer vision and speech recognition. CNNs are developed manually …

Simple Summary Tumor cells struggle to survive following treatment. The struggle ends in
either of two ways. The drug combination used for the treatment blocks the proliferation of …