Osteoporosis has been defined as the silent disease of the 21st century, becoming a public
health risk due to its severity, chronicity and progression and affecting mainly …

Phytoestrogens are naturally occurring nonsteroidal phenolic plant compounds that, due to
their molecular structure and size, resemble vertebrate steroids estrogens. This review is …

Background: Transgender healthcare is a rapidly evolving interdisciplinary field. In the last
decade, there has been an unprecedented increase in the number and visibility of …

Osteoclasts are multinucleated cells with the unique ability to resorb bone matrix. Excessive
production or activation of osteoclasts leads to skeletal pathologies that affect a significant …

Osteoporosis is characterized by the alteration of bone homeostasis due to an imbalance
between osteoclastic bone resorption and osteoblastic bone formation. Estrogen deficiency …

Elite athletic competitions have separate male and female events due to men's physical
advantages in strength, speed, and endurance so that a protected female category with …

Irisin is secreted by muscle, increases with exercise, and mediates certain favorable effects
of physical activity. In particular, irisin has been shown to have beneficial effects in adipose …

Osteoporosis is the most prevalent metabolic bone disease that affects half the women in the
sixth and seventh decade of life. Osteoporosis is characterized by uncoupled bone …

Bone repair in patients with osteoporosis remains a big challenge because their injury sites
are often accompanied by an abnormal level of inflammation and reactive oxygen species …

During ageing, the secretory patterns of the hormones produced by the hypothalamic–
pituitary axis change, as does the sensitivity of the axis to negative feedback by end …