Hypothyroidism affects up to 5% of the general population, with a further estimated 5% being
undiagnosed. Over 99% of affected patients suffer from primary hypothyroidism. Worldwide …

Importance Subclinical hypothyroidism, defined as an elevated serum thyrotropin (often
referred to as thyroid-stimulating hormone, or TSH) level with normal levels of free thyroxine …

Thyroid hormones have long been known to have a range of effects on the cardiovascular
system. However, significant knowledge gaps exist concerning the precise molecular and …

Thyroid dysfunction, manifesting as either overt or subclinical hypothyroidism, negatively
affects lipid metabolism: this leads to hypercholesterolemia which progressively increases …

The management of primary hypothyroidism with levothyroxine (L‐T4) is simple, effective
and safe, and most patients report improved well‐being on initiation of treatment. However …

The hypothalamus–pituitary–thyroid feedback control is a dynamic, adaptive system. In
situations of illness and deprivation of energy representing type 1 allostasis, the stress …

The purpose of this article will be to review the basics of thyroid hormone therapy, including
various thyroid hormone formulations, the institution and monitoring of thyroid hormone …

RESUMO A inclusão das práticas integrativas e complementares nos serviços de saúde
pública tem acontecido de forma gradual e lentificada, há cerca de 10 anos. Este estudo …

Subclinical hypothyroidism, which is defined as a thyroid-stimulating hormone concentration
higher than the reference range (generally 4· 5 mIU/L or higher) with normal free thyroxine …

Subclinical hypothyroidism is a biochemical condition defined by elevated serum thyroid-
stimulating hormone levels in the setting of normal levels of the peripheral thyroid hormones …