Originally created in 1970 by a small group of business people in Toronto's Bloor West
Village, Business Improvement Districts (hereafter BIDs) have become commonplace urban …

Business Improvement Districts (BIDs) have flourished as local governance structures to
foster the vitality and viability of traditional shopping districts that have struggled to adapt to …

The study examines compassionate revanchism as a contemporary feature of houseless
management in the context of an emergent phenomenon: the formation of private‐sector …

Public and private partnerships (PPPs) are widely considered to be efficient tools for
promoting urban renewal and commercial revitalization. The Business Improvement Area …

Business improvement districts (BIDs) are understood as a proactive response by locally
dependent property owners and businesses aimed at attracting capital investment and …

Purpose Homelessness in the public place presents a complex issue to downtown
redevelopment and management efforts. Although business communities are commonly …

Crime can be prevalent at large shopping centers. In-house and contract security
organizations have responded by adopting unique security measures tailored to protect their …

In this paper, we propose and develop the concept of" socio-economic hygiene" to denote
the ways in which neoliberal Western urban space is spatially regulated and re-oriented …

This research analyzes modes of urban social control through conventional and non-
conventional policing practices in Winnipeg's “Sports, Hospitality and Entertainment …

In many cities, private camera ownership and video sharing partnerships with law
enforcement are on the rise. These private surveillance networks have dramatically …