Low energy availability (EA) underpins the female and male athlete triad and relative energy
deficiency in sport (RED-S). The condition arises when insufficient calories are consumed to …

Energy availability (EA) is defined as the amount of dietary energy available to sustain
physiological function after subtracting the energetic cost of exercise. Insufficient EA due to …

Triathlon is characterized by the multidisciplinary nature of the sport where swimming,
cycling, and running are completed sequentially in different events, such as the sprint …

The Female Athlete Triad (Triad) and the more encompassing Relative Energy Deficiency in
Sport (RED-S) are disorders caused by low energy availability (LEA). LEA is a state of …

Bone mineral density (BMD) relates to bone strength, and low BMD is a risk factor for
fractures and 13 osteoporosis (29, 7, 8). In athletes, the non-genetic factor most commonly …

We investigated the effect of low energy availability (LEA) during three consecutive days of
endurance training on muscle glycogen content and iron metabolism. Six male long …

Hepcidin, a peptide hormone with an acknowledged evolutionary function in iron
homeostasis, was discovered at the turn of the 21st century. Since then, the implications of …

The menstrual cycle is one of the most fundamental differences between men and women
and is capable of influencing the performance, well-being and health of female athletes …

Background: Though the vulnerability of college students to food insecurity is well
established, there is a paucity of studies focusing on the prevalence of food insecurity …

Despite a wealth of sport nutrition guidelines for adult athletes, there are currently no
nutrition guidelines for youth winter sports athletes. Whilst it may be pragmatic to apply …