Klebsiella pneumoniae is a Gram-negative opportunistic pathogen responsible for a variety
of community and hospital infections. Infections caused by carbapenem-resistant K …

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the most frequent cause of infection among non-fermenting
Gram-negative bacteria, predominantly affecting immunocompromised patients, but its …

Background/Aim. Toll‐like receptors (TLRs) are pivotal biomolecules in the immune system.
Today, we are all aware of the importance of TLRs in bridging innate and adaptive immune …

Abstract β-lactam antibiotics are widely used chemical compounds in medicine due to their
strong antibacterial activity. These drugs are produced by fungi (Penicillium …

The increase in β-lactam-resistant Gram-negative bacteria is a severe recurrent problem in
the food industry for both producers and consumers. The development of nanotechnology …

Both, antibiotic persistence and antibiotic resistance characterize phenotypes of survival in
which a bacterial cell becomes insensitive to one (or even) more antibiotic (s). However, the …

Hypervirulence and carbapenem-resistant have emerged as two distinct evolutionary
pathotypes of Klebsiella pneumoniae, with both reaching their epidemic success and posing …

Carbapenem resistance mediated by metallo-β-lactamases (MBL) such as New Delhi
metallo-β-lactamase-1 (NDM-1) has become a major factor threatening the efficacy of …

Abstract Introduction Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) strains as the pioneer bacterial
agents causing urinary tract infections (UTIs) bear a genomic pool consisting of flexible and …

The advent of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) poses a significant
challenge to public health, as carbapenems are typically employed as a last resort to treat …