Emerging and re-emerging bacterial infections are a serious threat to human and animal
health. Extracellular bacteria are free-living, while facultative intracellular bacteria replicate …

Ticks are hematophagous ectoparasites capable of transmitting multiple human pathogens.
Environmental changes have supported the expansion of ticks into new geographical areas …

Animals and microorganisms often establish close ecological relationships. However, much
of our knowledge about animal microbiomes comes from two deeply studied groups …

The evolution of obligate host-association of bacterial symbionts and pathogens remains
poorly understood. The Rickettsiales are an alphaproteobacterial order of obligate …

The hard tick, Ixodes ricinus, a main Lyme disease vector, harbors an intracellular bacterial
endosymbiont. Midichloria mitochondrii is maternally inherited and resides in the …

Cellular respiration is associated with at least six distinct but intertwined biological
functions.(1) biosynthesis of ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate,(2) consumption of …

Background The appropriate antibiotic treatment for severe scrub typhus, a neglected but
widespread reemerging zoonotic infection, is unclear. Methods In this multicenter, double …

Recent discoveries of basal extracellular Rickettsiales have illuminated divergent
evolutionary paths to host dependency in later-evolving lineages. Family Rickettsiaceae …

Rickettsiae include diverse Gram-negative microbial species that exhibit obligatory
intracellular lifecycles between mammalian hosts and arthropod vectors. Human infections …

The ability to genetically manipulate a pathogen is fundamental to discovering factors
governing host–pathogen interactions at the molecular level and is critical for devising …