The theory of warning signals dates back to Wallace but is still confusing, controversial and
complex. Because predator avoidance of warningly coloured prey (aposematism) is based …

Many animals are toxic or unpalatable and signal this to predators with warning signals
(aposematism). Aposematic appearance has long been a classical system to study predator …

Literature Cited to accompany Animal Communication, 2e Page 1 Principles of Animal
Communication, Second Edition Jack W. Bradbury and Sandra L. Vehrencamp Chapter 14 …

We briefly review the literature on social learning in birds, concluding that strong evidence
exists mainly for predator recognition, song, mate choice and foraging. The mechanism of …

BIRDS EмIт мANҮ chemical compounds, though ornithologists rarely consider them. Avian
odors, for example, are readily detectable to humans in at least 17 avian orders and 80 …

The coloration of species can have multiple functions, such as predator avoidance and
sexual signalling, that directly affect fitness. As selection should favour traits that positively …

Deimatic or 'startle'displays cause a receiver to recoil reflexively in response to a sudden
change in sensory input. Deimatism is sometimes implicitly treated as a form of …

The selective advantage of chemical defenses is evident by its occurrence in many groups
of organisms. Toxic and unpalatable substances are often employed by organisms to avoid …

Deals with all aspects of adaptive resemblance Full colour Covers everything from classic
examples of Batesian, Mullerian, aggressive and sexual mimicries through to human …

A cornerstone of ecological theory is the ecological niche. Yet little is known about how
individuals come to adopt it: whether it is innate or learned. Here, we report a cross-fostering …