Abstract The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has stimulated tremendous
efforts to develop therapeutic strategies that target severe acute respiratory syndrome …

The persistent COVID-19 pandemic since 2020 has brought an enormous public health
burden to the global society and is accompanied by various evolution of the virus genome …

Emerging severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants with
antigenic changes in the spike protein are neutralized less efficiently by serum antibodies …

The emergence of Omicron sublineages impacts the therapeutic efficacy of anti-severe
acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) …

The emergence of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant is dominant in many countries
worldwide. The high number of spike mutations is responsible for the broad immune evasion …

Summary Infection with SARS‐CoV‐2, the etiology of the ongoing COVID‐19 pandemic, has
resulted in over 450 million cases with more than 6 million deaths worldwide, causing global …

Omicron variant strains encode large numbers of changes in the spike protein compared to
historical SARS-CoV-2 isolates. Although in vitro studies have suggested that several …

The antiviral benefit of antibodies can be compromised by viral escape especially for rapidly
evolving viruses. Therefore, durable, effective antibodies must be both broad and potent to …

Soluble angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) constitutes an attractive antiviral capable
of targeting a wide range of coronaviruses using ACE2 as their receptor. Using structure …

Antibodies that can bind to viruses but are unable to block infection in cell culture are known
as “nonneutralizing antibodies.” Such antibodies are nearly universally elicited following …