Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is the most common complication of diabetes, with
several underlying pathophysiological mechanisms, some of which are still uncertain. The …

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are secreted by both eukaryotes and prokaryotes, and are
present in all biological fluids of vertebrates, where they transfer DNA, RNA, proteins, lipids …

Diabetic retinopathy (DR), a leading cause of vision loss and blindness worldwide, is
caused by retinal neurovascular unit dysfunction, and its cellular pathology involves at least …

Corneal epithelial defects and excessive wound healing might lead to severe complications.
As stem cells can self-renew infinitely, they are a promising solution for regenerating the …

Exosomes are natural extracellular vesicles with a diameter of 30–150 nm, which exist in
biological fluids and contain biomolecules related to the parent cell, such as proteins …

Diabetes-associated complications, such as retinopathy, nephropathy, cardiomyopathy, and
atherosclerosis, the main consequences of long-term hyperglycemia, often lead to organ …

Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated
protein (Cas) systems can precisely manipulate DNA sequences to change the …

Retinal drug delivery is a challenging, but important task, because most retinal diseases are
still without any proper therapy. Drug delivery to the retina is hampered by the anatomical …

Exosomes are a subset of extracellular vesicles which accommodate a cargo of bioactive
biomolecules that generally includes proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, sugars, and related …

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been recognized as promising candidates for developing
novel therapeutics for a wide range of pathologies, including ocular disorders, due to their …