Chronic hepatitis B (CHB) is classified into five phases based on virus-host interactions:
immune tolerance, immune clearance, inactive carrier state, reactive phase and occult …

Chlamydia trachomatis, as an obligate intracellular parasite, usually causes asymptomatic
genital tract infections in both men and women with several complications. The role of C …

Methods Thirty-three chronic hepatitis B patients who are HBeAg-positive, with high virus
load (HBV DNA> 20,000 IU/mL), and received standard nucleos (t) ide analogue (NA) …

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a serious risk as a disease that can be spread through blood
transfusion. Occult hepatitis B infection (OBI) is defined in a patient with the presence of HBV …

Background The transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) is an important cytokine with anti-
inflammatory properties. Objectives The main purpose of this study was to compare the …

Background Occult hepatitis B infection (OBI) is a transfusion‐transmitted infection.
Although, screening the hepatitis B virus among blood donors can play an important role in …

Increased systemic inflammation has been identified in presence of oral disease, specifically
endodontic disease. It is important to investigate whether treatment of the oral disease …

Recognition mechanisms of innate immune response help to improve immunotherapeutic
strategies in HBeAg‐negative chronic hepatitis B (CHB). Toll‐like receptor 2 (TLR2) is an …

Previous investigations demonstrated that immune responses play critical roles in the
defense against visceral leishmaniasis (VL). A key regulator of immune responses is the …

Objective: One of the most important factors playing a role in chronic hepatitis B
pathogenesis is cytokine release and one of the cytokines with anti-inflammatory …