Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a maladaptive and debilitating psychiatric disorder,
characterized by re-experiencing, avoidance, negative emotions and thoughts, and …

How does a lack of sleep affect our brains? In contrast to the benefits of sleep, frameworks
exploring the impact of sleep loss are relatively lacking. Importantly, the effects of sleep …

Research from recent decades has highlighted the distinction between excitatory and
inhibitory Pavlovian learning mechanisms. Based on this distinction, state-of-the-art …

The inadequacy of a categorial approach to mental health diagnosis is now well-recognised,
with many authors, diagnostic manuals and funding bodies advocating a dimensional, trans …

The study of inflammation in fear-and anxiety-based disorders has gained interest as
growing literature indicates that pro-inflammatory markers can directly modulate affective …

Through advances in both basic and clinical scientific research, Pavlovian fear conditioning
and extinction have become an exemplary translational model for understanding and …

Progress in clinical and affective neuroscience is redefining psychiatric illness as
symptomatic expression of cellular/molecular dysfunctions in specific brain circuits. Post …

PTSD is characterized by the persistence of intense reactions to reminders of a traumatic
event, altered mood, a sense of imminent threat, disturbed sleep, and hypervigilance …

Anxiety disorders are the most common mental disorders and are often chronic and
disabling. Although exposure-based treatments are effective, a substantial number of …

Fear can be an adaptive emotion that helps defend against potential danger. Classical
conditioning models elegantly describe how animals learn which stimuli in the environment …