Does the epithelial barrier hypothesis explain the increase in allergy, autoimmunity and other chronic conditions?

CA Akdis - Nature Reviews Immunology, 2021 - nature.com
There has been a steep increase in allergic and autoimmune diseases, reaching epidemic
proportions and now affecting more than one billion people worldwide. These diseases are …

Epithelial barrier hypothesis: effect of the external exposome on the microbiome and epithelial barriers in allergic disease

Z Celebi Sozener, B Ozdel Ozturk, P Cerci, M Turk… - Allergy, 2022 - Wiley Online Library
Environmental exposure plays a major role in the development of allergic diseases. The
exposome can be classified into internal (eg, aging, hormones, and metabolic processes) …

Molecular mechanisms of atopic dermatitis pathogenesis

J Sroka-Tomaszewska, M Trzeciak - International journal of molecular …, 2021 - mdpi.com
Atopic dermatitis is a chronic, non-infectious inflammatory dermatosis. Acharacteristic
feature is persistent itching of the skin. The chronic, relapsing course of the disease …

Type 2 immunity in the skin and lungs

CA Akdis, PD Arkwright, MC Brüggen, W Busse… - Allergy, 2020 - Wiley Online Library
There has been extensive progress in understanding the cellular and molecular
mechanisms of inflammation and immune regulation in allergic diseases of the skin and …

[HTML][HTML] Type 2 inflammation contributes to skin barrier dysfunction in atopic dermatitis

LA Beck, MJ Cork, M Amagai, A De Benedetto… - JID Innovations, 2022 - Elsevier
Skin barrier dysfunction, a defining feature of atopic dermatitis (AD), arises from multiple
interacting systems. In AD, skin inflammation is caused by host–environment interactions …

Commensal Cutibacterium acnes induce epidermal lipid synthesis important for skin barrier function

S Almoughrabie, L Cau, K Cavagnero, AM O'Neill… - Science …, 2023 - science.org
Lipid synthesis is necessary for formation of epithelial barriers and homeostasis with
external microbes. An analysis of the response of human keratinocytes to several different …

Update on the pathogenesis and therapy of atopic dermatitis

H Li, Z Zhang, H Zhang, Y Guo, Z Yao - Clinical reviews in allergy & …, 2021 - Springer
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common inflammatory skin disorder characterized by recurrent
eczematous lesions and intense itch. Although it most often starts in infancy and affects …

Role of Lactobacillus reuteri in Human Health and Diseases

Q Mu, VJ Tavella, XM Luo - Frontiers in microbiology, 2018 - frontiersin.org
Lactobacillus reuteri (L. reuteri) is a well-studied probiotic bacterium that can colonize a
large number of mammals. In humans, L. reuteri is found in different body sites, including the …

Skin barrier abnormalities and immune dysfunction in atopic dermatitis

G Yang, JK Seok, HC Kang, YY Cho, HS Lee… - International journal of …, 2020 - mdpi.com
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common and relapsing skin disease that is characterized by skin
barrier dysfunction, inflammation, and chronic pruritus. While AD was previously thought to …

The atopic march and atopic multimorbidity: many trajectories, many pathways

AS Paller, JM Spergel, P Mina-Osorio… - Journal of Allergy and …, 2019 - Elsevier
The atopic march recognizes the increased occurrence of asthma, allergic rhinitis, or both
after atopic dermatitis (AD) onset. Mechanisms for developing atopic comorbidities after AD …