Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) prevalence and incidence in the fishing
communities on Lake Victoria in Uganda are high. This population may play a role in driving …

Background A major concern with using antiretroviral (ARV)-based products for HIV
prevention is the potential spread of drug resistance, particularly from individuals who are …

Objective: Early studies in Cape Town identified independent HIV-1 epidemics, with distinct
viral subtypes, among men who have sex with men (MSM) and the heterosexual population …

Background With the scale-up of antiretroviral therapy (ART), pre-treatment drug resistance
(PDR) appears≥ 10% amongst ART-initiators in many developing countries, including …

Optimal adherence to combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) is critical to maintain
virologic suppression, thereby ensuring the global success of HIV treatment. We evaluated …

Objectives: Highly-active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) was scaled up in Guangxi, China in
2005. The number of individuals receiving free HAART increased dramatically from June …

HIV-1 subtype C is the predominant circulating virus in South Africa. There are reports of non-
C subtypes emerging in different regions of the country, however, very little information …

Background: A HIV positive-to-positive program was started in South Africa in 2008. The
program was started because dialysis is not freely available to everyone, but severely …

Background: Minority drug resistance mutations (DRMs) that are often missed by Sanger
sequencing are clinically significant, as they can cause virologic failure in individuals treated …

South Africa introduced the “diagnose and treat” universal HIV treatment program in
September 2016. This program enables all identified HIV-positive patients to immediately …