The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is vital for maintaining brain homeostasis by enabling an
exquisite control of exchange of compounds between the blood and the brain parenchyma …

The system physiology approaches that emerge in western countries in recent years echo
the holistic view of ancient Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) practices that deal with the …

The spleen, an important tissue for the immune system, acts as a filter for blood within the
immune system. Accumulating evidence suggests that the spleen affects a number of brain …

Ischemic stroke (IS), a common cerebrovascular disease, results from a sudden blockage of
a blood vessel in the brain, thereby restricting blood supply to the area in question, and …

Cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury activates microglia, resident immune cells in the brain,
and allows the infiltration of circulating immune cells into the ischemic lesions. Microglia play …

Increasing evidences suggest that inflammation plays a key role in the pathogenesis of
stroke, a devastating disease second only to cardiac ischemia as a cause of death …

Ischemic stroke (IS) is one of the most fatal diseases. Neuroimmunity, inflammation, and
oxidative stress play important roles in various complex mechanisms of IS. In particular, the …

Nanobiotechnology plays an important role in drug delivery, and various kinds of
nanoparticles have demonstrated new properties, which may provide opportunities in …

Intercellular signaling molecules such as cytokines and their receptors enable immune cells
to communicate with one another and their surrounding microenvironments. Emerging …

One of the leading causes of neurological mortality, disability, and dementia worldwide is
cerebral ischemia. Among the many pathological phenomena, the immune system plays an …