Free radicals, usually containing one or more unpaired electrons, are extremely unstable
and highly reactive with other biological molecules. Recently, there has been increasing …

Highlights•Focus on disease-modifying approaches for intra-articular drug
delivery.•Polymeric particles as platforms for sustained and controlled drug release.•In vivo …

TNF-α siRNA has shown promising therapeutic benefits in animal models of rheumatoid
arthritis. However, there continues to be a need for siRNA delivery systems that have high …

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disorder that affects the joints. Various
medications successfully alleviate the symptoms of RA in clinical. Still, few therapy strategies …

Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic systemic autoimmune disease that causes joint swelling
and cartilage damage. The objective of the present work was to develop a temperature …

Abstract Andrographolide (AG), a well-known traditional medicinal plant in Southeast Asia,
is widely used for treatment of many chronic diseases. Interestingly, AG has been reported to …

Noninfectious arthritis (NIA) comprises a class of chronic and progressive inflammatory
disorders that require early‐stage management to prevent disease progression. The most …

Flurbiprofen (FLUR) is a potent non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug used for the
management of arthritis. Unfortunately, its therapeutic effect is limited by its rapid clearance …

Arthritic diseases are disabling conditions affecting millions of patients worldwide. Pro-
inflammatory cytokines, particularly interleukin-6 (IL-6), plays a crucial role in inflammation …

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic, systemic autoimmune disease with a prevalence rate
of up to 1% and is significantly considered a common worldwide public health concern …