The coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic was caused by a positive sense single-
stranded RNA (ssRNA) severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) …

Early in the COVID-19 pandemic, anecdotal reports emerged suggesting non-steroidal anti-
inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) may increase susceptibility to infection and adversely impact …

Abstract Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is especially severe in aged populations.
Vaccines against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) are …

Background and Objectives During the pandemic, the growing influence of social media,
accessibility of over-the-counter medications, and fear of contracting the virus may have led …

Understanding how pharmaceutical opioids and antipyretic analgesics interact with the
immune system potentially has major clinical implications for management of patients with …

According to the WHO guideline, palliative care is an integral component of COVID-19
management. The relief of physical symptoms and the provision of psychosocial support …

The major human liver drug metabolising cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes are
downregulated during inflammation and infectious disease state, especially during …

The emergence of new SARS-CoV-2 variants continues to pose an enormous public health
concern. The SARS-CoV-2 infection disrupted host immune response accounting for …

Fungi are a small but important part of the human microbiota and several fungi are familiar to
the immune system, yet certain can cause infections in immunocompromised hosts and …

Abstract Background Prostaglandin E 2 (PGE 2) and leukotriene B 4 (LTB 4) are
eicosanoids involved in modulation of the antiviral immune response. Recent studies have …