Background: Circulating natriuretic peptide (NP) levels are markedly lower in healthy men
than women. A relative NP deficiency in men could contribute to their higher risk of …

Natriuretic peptides have long been known for their cardiovascular function. However, a
growing body of evidence emphasizes the role of natriuretic peptides in human substrate …

Diagnosing stable ischemic heart disease (IHD) is challenging, especially in females.
Currently, no blood test is available. Plasma extracellular vesicles (EV) are emerging as …

Objective Women have a higher comorbidity burden and a lower survival rate after acute
myocardial infarction (AMI) than men. This analysis aimed to investigate the impact of sex on …

Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) are produced in the
heart and secreted into the circulation. As hormones, both peptides activate the guanylyl …

At present, heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) accounts for more than half
of the heart failure (HF) diagnoses in the community. 1–3 Its prevalence has been …

It is well known that adult fertile women have about two-fold higher circulating levels of
cardiac natriuretic peptides (NPs) than men of the same age. Conversely, men have on …

C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) is an endothelium-derived peptide that is released as a
protective mechanism in response cardiovascular injury or disease. However, no studies …

In patients with acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF), sex differences considering
clinical and pathophysiologic features are not fully understood. We investigated sex …

Introduction Sex-specific differences regarding risk factors, symptoms and prognosis have
been reported for several cardiovascular diseases. For patients with pulmonary embolism …