The coexistence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and heart failure (HF), either with
reduced (HFrEF) or preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), is frequent (30–40% of patients) …

Elevated levels of diastolic BP and especially systolic BP (SBP) are major risk factors for the
development of HF. 18, 19 One of the most impactful observations from the Framingham …

ESC Guidelines 3039 administrative staff and by the referees and supervisory committees of
the two organizations. It is our hope that this huge effort has generated guidelines that will …

Tissue repair/regeneration, after implantation or injury, involves comprehensive
physiological processes wherein immune responses play a crucial role to enable tissue …

The management of T2DM requires aggressive treatment to achieve glycemic and
cardiovascular risk factor goals. In this setting, metformin, an old and widely accepted first …

Background Diabetes and elevated blood glucose have been associated with increased risk
of atrial fibrillation in a number of epidemiological studies, however, the findings have not …

ESC Guidelines 2389 disclosure forms are kept on file at the European Heart House,
headquarters of the ESC. Any changes in conflict of interest that arise during the writing …

The mechanisms underlying the progression of diabetes mellitus and heart failure are
closely intertwined, such that worsening of one condition is frequently accompanied by …

In patients with type 1 or type 2 diabetes, glycaemic exposure assessed as HbA 1c
correlates strongly with risk of future microvascular and macrovascular complications …

The prevalence of cardiomyopathy is higher in diabetic patients than those without diabetes.
Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is defined as a clinical condition of abnormal myocardial …