Punishment of non-cooperators has been observed to promote cooperation. Such
punishment is an evolutionary puzzle because it is costly to the punisher while beneficial to …

Human beings universally express a concern for the fairness of social interactions, and it
remains an open question that which ultimate factors led to the evolution of this preference …

The group augmentation (GA) hypothesis states that if helpers in cooperatively breeding
animals raise the reproductive success of the group, the benefits of living in a resulting …

Relatedness is a cornerstone of the evolution of social behavior. In the human lineage, the
existence of cooperative kin networks was likely a critical stepping stone in the evolution of …

Social interactions among individuals are ubiquitous both in animals and in plants, and in
natural as well as domestic populations. These interactions affect both the direction and the …

Enforced altruism in insect societies | Nature Skip to main content Thank you for visiting
nature.com. You are using a browser version with limited support for CSS. To obtain the best …

By consuming and producing environmental resources, organisms inevitably change their
habitats. The consequences of such environmental modifications can be detrimental or …

The debate over the role of stochasticity is central in evolutionary biology, often summarised
by whether or not evolution is predictable or repeatable. Here we distinguish three types of …

Evolutionarily stable strategy (ESS) analysis pioneered by Maynard Smith and Price took off
in part because it often does not require explicit assumptions about the genetics and …

The altruism of insect workers has puzzled researchers for decades. Inclusive fitness theory
suggests that high relatedness has been key in promoting such altruism. Recent theory …