This review article considers Earth as an energy-storing (photosynthetic) and energy-
consuming (metabolic) system. We evaluate whether and how photosynthetic, solar fuel …

Many of the world's greatest challenges are complex socio-environmental problems, often
framed in terms of integrated assessment, resilience or sustainability. To resolve any of …

Different research communities have developed various approaches to assess the credibility
of predictive models. Each approach usually works well for a specific type of model, and …

The advancement of machine learning techniques and the heterogeneous architectures of
most current supercomputers are propelling the demand for large multiscale simulations that …

We expect that multiscale simulations will be one of the main high performance computing
workloads in the exascale era. We propose multiscale computing patterns as a generic …

Multiscale modeling has a long history of use in structural biology, as computational
biologists strive to overcome the time-and length-scale limits of atomistic molecular …

Multiscale simulations are a well-accepted way to bridge the length and time scales required
for scientific studies with the solution accuracy achievable through available computational …

Prediction of mechanical properties is an essential part of material design. State-of-the-art
simulation-based prediction requires data on microstructure and inter-component …

We review a methodology to design, implement and execute multi-scale and multi-science
numerical simulations. We identify important ingredients of multi-scale modelling and give a …

Many heat transfer and fluid flow problems are multiscale in nature, and the multiscale
numerical methods are needed to solve the problems by considering the phenomena in all …