This white paper provides updated International Transporter Consortium (ITC)
recommendations on transporters that are important in drug development following the 3rd …

Predicting transporter-based drug clearance (CL) and tissue concentrations (TC) in humans
is important to reduce the risk of failure during drug development. In addition, when …

Physiologically‐based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling has been extensively used to
quantitatively translate in vitro data and evaluate temporal effects from drug–drug …

Quantitative translation of information on drug absorption, disposition, receptor engagement,
and drug–drug interactions from bench to bedside requires models informed by …

Glucuronidation is a well-recognized phase II metabolic pathway for a variety of chemicals
including drugs and endogenous substances. Although it is usually the secondary metabolic …

This white paper examines recent progress, applications, and challenges in predicting
unbound and total tissue and intra/subcellular drug concentrations using in vitro and …

Liver disease can alter the disposition of xenobiotics and endogenous substances.
Regulatory agencies such as the Food and Drug Administration and the European …

This study aimed to derive quantitative abundance values for key hepatic transporters
suitable for in vitro–in vivo extrapolation within a physiologically based pharmacokinetic …

Population factors such as age, gender, ethnicity, genotype and disease state can cause
inter-individual variability in pharmacokinetic (PK) profile of drugs. Primarily, this variability …

Sandwich-cultured hepatocytes (SCH) are metabolically competent and have proper
localization of basolateral and canalicular transporters with functional bile networks …