The diagnosis of hypogonadism in human males includes identification of low serum
testosterone levels, and hence there is an underlying assumption that normal ranges of …

Most liver diseases, including acute liver injury, drug-induced liver injury, viral hepatitis,
metabolic liver diseases, and end-stage liver diseases, are strongly linked with hormonal …

The decline of circulating testosterone levels in aging men is associated with adverse health
effects. During studies of probiotic bacteria and obesity, we discovered that male mice …

Purpose: Testosterone replacement therapy in men with prostate cancer is controversial,
with concern that testosterone can stimulate cancer growth. We evaluated the safety and …

Background: The associations between serum vitamin D (VD), serum testosterone (TT) and
metabolic syndrome are complex and with limited published research, particularly on the …

The principle steroidal androgens are testosterone and its metabolite 5α-
dihydrotestosterone (DHT), which is converted from testosterone by the enzyme 5α …

Enhancing and protecting testosterone production is one target for many scientists because
of its crucial role as a primary sex hormone in males. Several in vivo trials have utilized …

Testosterone is a pleiotropic hormone that plays an important role in the human body.
Classically, testosterone was thought to be predominantly involved in androgenesis and …

Hypogonadism in older men is a syndrome characterized by low serum testosterone levels
and clinical symptoms often seen in hypogonadal men of younger age. These symptoms …

The composition of the gut microbiota is influenced by sex hormones and colorectal cancer
(CRC). Previously, we reported that 17β-estradiol (E2) inhibits azoxymethane/dextran …