Numerous cytokines have been implicated in the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases,
and their dysregulation is a main feature of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Cytokines stimulate …

Patients with autoimmune inflammatory rheumatic diseases (AIRDs) are at increased risk of
infections. This risk has been further increased by the introduction of biologic agents over …

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an inflammatory and multi-systemic autoimmune
disorder, characterized by an uncontrolled auto-reactivity of B and T lymphocytes, leading to …

Objectives. The aim was to assess the immunogenicity and the impact on disease activity of
pneumococcal and influenza vaccines in SLE patients. Methods. We conducted a systematic …

Background Invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) is associated with high morbidity and
mortality, with immunocompromised patients (ICPs) at particular risk. Therefore, guidelines …

Background Patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), including those treated with biologics,
are at increased risk of some vaccine-preventable infections. We evaluated the antibody …

The global impact imposed by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic may be
soon alleviated by the introduction and worldwide dissemination of safe and effective …

METHODS Both scientific societies proposed five representatives that held their first meeting
in Barcelona on 17 June 2010. At this meeting, the participants elaborated a list of concrete …

Introduction Patients undergoing immunosuppressive therapy are at increased risk of
infection. Community-acquired pneumonia and invasive pneumococcal disease account for …

Background Despite the WHO recommendation that the 2010–2011 trivalent seasonal flu
vaccine must contain A/California/7/2009/H1N1-like virus there is no consistent data …