This review is an update of an earlier narrative review published in 2015 on developments
in the clinical management of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) including diagnosis, treatment …

Pathogens transmitted to humans by phlebotomine sand flies are neglected, as they cause
infectious diseases that are not on the priority list of national and international public health …

The Syrian refugee crisis has precipitated a catastrophic outbreak of Old World cutaneous
leishmaniasis now affecting hundreds of thousands of people living in refugee camps or …

Leishmaniasis significantly affects the population of the tropics and subtropics. Clinical
features and infective species of Leishmania are the primary factors driving the direction of …

Background Among the neglected tropical diseases, leishmaniasis continues to be
prevalent in many tropical and subtropical countries despite international, national, and local …

Background Phlebotomine sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) are important vectors of
various human and animal pathogens such as Bartonella bacilliformis, Phlebovirus, and …

In September 2012, a cutaneous leishmaniasis outbreak began among Syrian refugees in
Lebanon. For 948 patients in whom leishmaniasis was not confirmed, we obtained samples …

Leishmania is a genus of parasitic protozoa that causes a disease called leishmaniasis.
Leishmaniasis is transmitted to humans through the bites of infected female sandflies. There …

Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) due to Leishmania tropica is a neglected tropical disease
characterized by a wide geographical distribution in the Mediterranean basin and is …

Background: Countries in the World Health Organization (WHO) Eastern Mediterranean
Region (EMR) are predisposed to highly contagious, severe and fatal, emerging infectious …