Millimeter-wave (mmWave) massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) utilizes large
antenna arrays and is considered a promising technology for fifth-generation (5G) and …

Purpose Multiple input multiple-output (MIMO) has emerged as one among the many
noteworthy technologies in recent wireless applications because of its powerful ability to …

The reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) technology plays an essential role in controlling
the propagation environment of wireless systems, specifically millimeter wave (mmWave) …

To fully achieve the spectral and energy efficiency intended in large-scale antenna systems,
acquiring the Channel State Information (CSI) is inevitable at the base station (BS) side. Due …

Obtaining channel state information (CSI) at the transmitter side is essential to take
advantage of spectral and energy efficiency in massive multiple‐input multiple‐output …

To fully attain array gains of massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) and its energy
and spectral efficiency, deriving channel state information (CSI) at the base station (BS) side …

Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems are examined as the future entitled
technologies in 5G communication networks. The wireless communication undergoes a …

Due to employing different frequencies in the uplink and downlink path of frequency-division
duplex (FDD) systems, the required training signals for estimating downlink channel would …

Massive multi-input multioutput (MIMO) coupled with orthogonal frequency division
multiplexing (OFDM) has been utilized extensively in wireless communication systems to …

Massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems working in frequency division duplex
(FDD) transmission mode are facing great challenges because of the heavy training and …