Abstract The Japanese Clinical Practice Guidelines for Management of Sepsis and Septic
Shock 2020 (J-SSCG 2020), a Japanese-specific set of clinical practice guidelines for sepsis …

Expanding elderly populations are a major social challenge in advanced countries
worldwide and have led to a rapid increase in the number of elderly patients in intensive …

Background This guideline updates recommendations from the 2016 American Society for
Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition (ASPEN)/Society of Critical Care Medicine (SCCM) critical …

Following the new ESPEN Standard Operating Procedures, the previous guidelines to
provide best medical nutritional therapy to critically ill patients have been updated. These …

Background The optimal calorie and protein intakes at the acute phase of severe critical
illness remain unknown. We hypothesised that early calorie and protein restriction improved …

The preferential use of the oral/enteral route in critically ill patients over gut rest is uniformly
recommended and applied. This article provides practical guidance on enteral nutrition in …

Background Although mortality due to critical illness has fallen over decades, the number of
patients with long-term functional disabilities has increased, leading to impaired quality of …

Indirect calorimetry (IC) is considered as the gold standard to determine energy expenditure,
by measuring pulmonary gas exchanges. It is a non-invasive technique that allows clinicians …

Personalization of ICU nutrition is essential to future of critical care. Recommendations from
American/European guidelines and practice suggestions incorporating recent literature are …

Background & aims This position paper summarizes theoretical and practical aspects of the
monitoring of artificial nutrition and metabolism in critically ill patients, thereby completing …