The sequence of microbial genomes made all potential antigens of each pathogen available
for vaccine development. This increased by orders of magnitude potential vaccine targets in …

Many organisms that cause infectious diseases, particularly RNA viruses, mutate so rapidly
that their evolutionary and ecological behaviours are inextricably linked. Consequently …

Genomewide association mapping in model organisms such as inbred mouse strains is a
promising approach for the identification of risk factors related to human diseases. However …

The restricted neutralization breadth of vaccine-elicited antibodies is a major limitation of
current human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) candidate vaccines. In order to permit the …

Identification of the transmitted/founder virus makes possible, for the first time, a genome-
wide analysis of host immune responses against the infecting HIV-1 proteome. A complete …

Eliciting HIV-1-specific broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) remains a challenge for
vaccine development, and the potential of passively delivered bNAbs for prophylaxis and …

A preventive HIV-1 vaccine should induce HIV-1–specific broadly neutralizing antibodies
(bnAbs). However, bnAbs generally require high levels of somatic hypermutation (SHM) to …

A recent study by Tang et al. claimed that two major types of severe acute respiratory
syndrome-coronavirus-2 (CoV-2) had evolved in the ongoing CoV disease-2019 pandemic …

The rapid and extensive spread of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemic
provides a rare opportunity to witness host–pathogen co-evolution involving humans. A focal …

Many recent studies have sought to quantify the degree to which viral phenotypic characters
(such as epidemiological risk group, geographic location, cell tropism, drug resistance state …