Background Quantifying pain and the balance between nociception and anti-nociception
(NANB) in sedated patients is challenging. Traditional opioid titration methods overlook …

Functional near infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) is a neuroimaging technique that has grown
vigorously in recent years. With noticeable attention, machine learning methods have also …

Brain computer interfaces (BCIs) can find applications in assistive systems for patients who
experience conditions that impede their motor abilities. A BCI uses signals acquired from the …

An important application of brain computer interface devices (BCIs) is in assistive systems
for patients with motor and communication disabilities. Due to their condition, these patients …

Pain tolerance can be increased by the introduction of an active distraction, such as a
computer game. This effect has been found to be moderated by game demand, ie, increased …

睡眠是对身心健康有着重要意义的复杂生理过程， 其研究范围涉及多个学科领域。
目前睡眠的定量分析主要依靠作为“金标准” 的多导睡眠监测仪（ PSG） 完成 …

The connection between music and human are very synonyms because music could reduce
stress. The state of stress could be measured using EEG signal, an electroencephalogram …

Objective There is a growing interest in functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) among
researchers due to its remarkable advantages such as ease of use, being inexpensive and …

Precise pain assessment is crucial for medical professionals to provide appropriate
treatment. However, not every patient can verbalise the experienced pain for various …

The assessment of pain severity is essential for effective pain treatment. In clinical settings,
pain intensity assessment relies on self-reporting methods, which are subjective to …