Aging, as a complex process involving multiple cellular and molecular pathways, is known to
be exacerbated by various stresses. Because responses to these stresses, such as oxidative …

The search for biomarkers that quantify biological aging (particularly 'omic'-based
biomarkers) has intensified in recent years. Such biomarkers could predict aging-related …

Animal studies show aging varies between individuals as well as between organs within an
individual,,–, but whether this is true in humans and its effect on age-related diseases is …

Middle age has historically been an understudied period of life compared to older age, when
cognitive and brain health decline are most pronounced, but the scope for intervention may …

Current research on human aging has largely been guided by the milestone paper
“hallmarks of aging,” which were first proposed in the seminal 2013 paper by Lopez‐Otin et …

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are extremely versatile naturally occurring membrane particles
that convey complex signals between cells. EVs of different cellular sources are capable of …

Aging is a dynamic, time-dependent process that is characterized by a gradual accumulation
of cell damage. Continual functional decline in the intrinsic ability of living organisms to …

Bone secretory proteins, termed osteokines, regulate bone metabolism and whole-body
homeostasis. However, fundamental questions as to what the bona fide osteokines and their …

Despite significant improvements in our understanding of brain diseases, many barriers
remain. Cognitive neuroscience faces four major challenges: complex structure–function …

Objectives The body mass index (BMI) largely underestimates excess body fat, suggesting
that the prevalence of obesity could be underestimated. Biologically, women are known to …