The clinical course and outcome of COVID-19 are highly variable, ranging from
asymptomatic infections to severe disease and death. Understanding the risk factors of …

Ecological evidence links ambient particulate matter≤ 2.5 mm (PM 2.5) and the rate of
COVID-19 infections, severity, and deaths. However, such studies are unable to account for …

The association between long-term exposure to ambient air pollutants and severe COVID-
19 is uncertain. We followed 4,660,502 adults from the general population in 2020 in …

Exposure to outdoor air pollution may affect incidence and severity of coronavirus disease
2019 (COVID-19). In this retrospective cohort based on patient records from the Greater …

Background Early ecological studies have suggested links between air pollution and risk of
coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), but evidence from individual-level cohort studies is …

Chronic exposure to ambient air pollution has been related to increased mortality in the
general population [1]. After the outbreak of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in 2019, there has …

Background Post COVID-19 conditions, also known as long COVID, are of public health
concern, but little is known about their underlying risk factors. We aimed to investigate …

Several studies have linked air pollution to COVID-19 morbidity and severity. However,
these studies do not account for exposure levels to SARS-CoV-2, nor for different sources of …

Background: The role of chronic exposure to ambient air pollutants in increasing COVID-19
fatality is still unclear. Objectives: The study aimed to investigate the association between …

Abstract Fine particulate matter (PM2. 5) is a primary air pollutant recognized worldwide as a
serious threat to public health. PM2. 5, which has a diameter of less than 2.5 μm, is known to …