This review summarises current understanding of how bone is sculpted through adaptive
processes, designed to meet the mechanical challenges it faces in everyday life and athletic …

Skeletal muscle is an essential regulator of energy homeostasis and a potent coordinator of
exercise-induced adaptations in other organs including the liver, fat or the brain. Skeletal …

Highlights•Skeletal muscle secretes myokines that exert autocrine paracrine and endocrine
effects.•Paracrine factors modulate muscle angiogenesis, adipogenesis, and …

Sarcopenia, operationally defined as the loss of muscle mass and muscle function, is a
major health condition associated with ageing, and contributes to many components of …

Skeletal muscle is the most abundant body tissue accounting for many physiological
functions. However, muscle mass and functions are not routinely assessed. Sarcopenia is …

Spaceflight and its associated stressors, such as microgravity, radiation exposure,
confinement, circadian derailment and disruptive workloads represent an unprecedented …

The clinical significance of sarcopenia and osteoporosis has increased with the increase in
the population of older people. Sarcopenia is defined by decreased muscle mass and …

Osteoporosis is an age-related disease that affects millions of people. Growth differentiation
factor 11 (GDF11) is a secreted member of the transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) …

Physical inactivity has been recognized, by the World Health Organization as the fourth
cause of death (5.5% worldwide). On the contrary, physical activity (PA) has been …

The current review on glucocorticoids (GCs), inflammation and bone is focused on three
aspects:(1) the mutual effects between GCs, inflammation and bone in inflammatory …