Innate and adaptive immune cell activation and infiltration is the key characteristic of tissue
inflammation. The innate immune system is the front line of host defense in which innate …

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are critical for the progression of cardiovascular diseases,
inflammations and tumors. However, the mechanisms of how ROS sense metabolic stress …

The CD40 receptor and its ligand CD40L is one of the most critical molecular pairs of the
stimulatory immune checkpoints. Both CD40 and CD40L have a membrane form and a …

The overlapping metabolic reprogramming of cancer and immune cells is a putative
determinant of the antitumor immune response in cancer. Increased evidence suggests that …

Simple Summary Recently, several studies have shown that acidosis, which is increased
acidity in the blood and other body tissues, is often associated with severe COVID-19. In this …

Chemotherapy is a cornerstone of cancer treatment, but it can also induce immune
suppression, which can have significant implications for patient outcomes. This review paper …

Macrophage metabolic plasticity enables repurposing of electron transport from energy
generation to inflammation and host defense. Altered respiratory complex II function has …

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by the
formation of amyloid plaques implicated in neuronal death. Genetics, age, and sex are the …

Macrophages are crucial in the progression of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease
(ASCVD). In the atherosclerotic lesions, macrophages play a central role in maintaining …

A dysregulated immune response toward self-antigens characterizes autoimmune and
autoinflammatory (AIF) disorders. Autoantibodies or autoreactive T cells contribute to …