The first matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) was discovered in 1962 from the tail of a tadpole by
its ability to degrade collagen. As their name suggests, matrix metalloproteinases are …

Mammals have two specialized vascular circulatory systems: the blood vasculature and the
lymphatic vasculature. The lymphatic vasculature is a unidirectional conduit that returns …

Microbial colonization of the mammalian intestine elicits inflammatory or tolerogenic T cell
responses, but the mechanisms controlling these distinct outcomes remain poorly …

Current inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) therapies are ineffective in a high proportion of
patients. Combining bulk and single-cell transcriptomics, quantitative histopathology and in …

The intestinal epithelial barrier (IEB) is one of the largest interfaces between the
environment and the internal milieu of the body. It is essential to limit the passage of harmful …

The immune system has coevolved with extensive microbial communities living on barrier
sites that are collectively known as the microbiota. It is increasingly clear that microbial …

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a complex genetic disease that is instigated and
amplified by the confluence of multiple genetic and environmental variables that perturb the …

Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease involving the destruction of both soft and hard tissue
in the periodontal region. Although dysbiosis of the local microbial community initiates local …

Over the past two decades, the importance of the microbiota in health and disease has
become evident. Pathological changes to the oral bacterial microbiota, such as those …

Genetic studies have revealed many variant loci that are associated with immune-mediated
diseases. To elucidate the disease pathogenesis, it is essential to understand the function of …