Electric vehicles (EVs) are steadily replacing the internal combustion engine vehicles in
response to the problem of rising environmental pollution due to the emission of greenhouse …

This study is about applications of nanofluids and various soft computing algorithms on
designs of battery thermal management systems and their potential performance …

Air cooling has attracted extensive attention in the field of battery thermal management
(BTMS). A comprehensive optimization scheme adding secondary outlets and baffle was …

Key issues such as performance, durability, and cost limit the large-scale commercial
application of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC). The distribution of …

Climate action is essential if global warming is to be limited to 1.5° C and, and consequently,
the transportation sector aims to phase out fossil fuel vehicles, to ensure that carbon net …

Heat generation during lithium-ion battery charge and discharge requires the
implementation of battery thermal management systems (BTMSs) for enhanced battery …

The reasonable working temperature and maximum temperature difference are of critical
importance for the electric vehicles. A design method of multiple inlet/outlet air cooling frame …

Air-cooled battery thermal management system (BTMS) is critical for the safety and
performance of electric vehicles. The system design needs to be optimized to achieve best …

Abstract Background Lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries are one of the most attractive and
promising energy storage systems that emerge in different industrial sectors–at the top of …

The performance of lithium‐ion batteries is quite dependent on temperature and a series of
investigations on the battery thermal management system (BTMS) have been reported …