The world's largest companies in 2019 by market capitalization-Apple, Alphabet, Microsoft,
and Amazon-all began as venture-backed startups.'They defied existing theory by growing …

In recent years, scholars and policymakers have rediscovered the concept of industrial
districts-spatial concentrations offirms in the same industry or related industries. In this …

Disruption theory tells us that certain innovations can undermine existing products, firms, or
even entire industries. Classic examples include the Kodak camera, the Bell telephone, and …

Among the many reasons high-tech companies get patents, one of the most important is to
build a patent arsenal. To guard against the risk of patent litigation, companies acquire …

Abstract 'Crowdfunding'is a burgeoning phenomenon. Its still‐evolving status is reflected in
diversity of contracting practices: for example,'equity'crowdfunders invest in shares, whereas …

Although scholars have long recognized the role firms can play in shaping government
regulation through lobbying and other political activities, I the theoretical and empirical work …

The second reason for the necessity to rethink international tax allocation is a change in the
basic policy assumptions both from a legal and a public finance background. Traditional …

The post-war experience of developing countries leads to two depressing conclusions: only
a small number of countries have successfully developed; and development theory has not …

Innovativeness and performance are keys to understanding the capability of SMEs.
However, scant research examines the motivational frames that enhance behaviors, such as …

In a generation's time, collaborative methods of innovation have become a centerpiece of
modern economic organization. Rather than creating technology primarily in-house …