Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are key sensors that recognize the pathogen-associated
molecular patterns (PAMPs) of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS …

Abstract The 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) pandemic has become a global crisis.
In the immunopathogenesis of COVID‐19, SARS‐CoV‐2 infection induces an excessive …

The signaling pathways downstream of the insulin receptor (InsR) are some of the most
evolutionarily conserved pathways that regulate organism longevity and metabolism. InsR …

As many parts of the world continue to fight the innumerable waves of COVID‐19 infection,
SARS‐CoV‐2 continues to sculpt its antigenic determinants to enhance its virulence and …

Purpose Evidence-based and effective treatments for COVID-19 are limited, and a new
wave of infections and deaths calls for novel, easily implemented treatment strategies …

Sepsis is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Sepsis-associated coagulation
disorders are involved in the pathogenesis of multiorgan failure and lead to a subsequently …

Introduction The novel coronavirus infectious disease 2019 (COVID‐19) which is caused by
severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) has emerged as a gigantic …

Abstract Prisons in the United States have become a hotbed for spreading COVID-19 among
incarcerated individuals. COVID-19 cases among prisoners are on the rise, with more than …

Epidemiological data shows a discrepancy in COVID‐19 susceptibility and outcomes with
some regions being more heavily affected than others. However, the factors that determine …

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) elicits an interferon (IFN)
deficiency state, which aggravates the type I interferon deficiency and slow IFN responses …