BACKGROUND The integrated stress response (ISR) is an evolutionarily conserved
intracellular signaling network that helps the cell, tissue, and organism to adapt to a variable …

Recent advances suggest that the response of RNA metabolism to stress has an important
role in the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative diseases, particularly amyotrophic lateral …

In mammalian cells, mitochondrial dysfunction triggers the integrated stress response, in
which the phosphorylation of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2α (eIF2α) results in the …

Stress granules (SGs) and processing bodies (PBs) are non-membrane-enclosed RNA
granules that dynamically sequester translationally inactive messenger ribonucleoprotein …

Innate DNA sensing via the cyclic GMP-AMP synthase–stimulator of interferon genes (cGAS–
STING) mechanism surveys microbial invasion and cellular damage and thus participates in …

Traditional annotation of protein-encoding genes relied on assumptions, such as one open
reading frame (ORF) encodes one protein and minimal lengths for translated proteins. With …

This review summarizes our current understanding of the major pathway for the initiation
phase of protein synthesis in eukaryotic cells, with a focus on recent advances. We describe …

ATF4 is a cellular stress induced bZIP transcription factor that is a hallmark effector of the
integrated stress response. The integrated stress response is triggered by phosphorylation …

Nucleotide metabolism supports RNA synthesis and DNA replication to enable cell growth
and division. Nucleotide depletion can inhibit cell growth and proliferation, but how cells …

Phosphorylation of the translation initiation factor eIF2α to initiate the integrated stress
response (ISR) is a vital signalling event. Protein kinases activating the ISR, including PERK …