Recent years have seen a blossoming of theories about the biological and physical basis of
consciousness. Good theories guide empirical research, allowing us to interpret data …

Understanding how consciousness arises from neural activity remains one of the biggest
challenges for neuroscience. Numerous theories have been proposed in recent years, each …

Loss of consciousness is associated with the disruption of long-range thalamocortical and
corticocortical brain communication. We tested the hypothesis that deep brain stimulation …

The relationship between conscious experience and brain activity has intrigued scientists
and philosophers for centuries. In the last decades, several theories have suggested …

Recent experimental evidence on patients with disorders of consciousness revealed that
observing brain-heart interactions helps to detect residual consciousness, even in patients …

Human cerebral organoids are three-dimensional biological cultures grown in the laboratory
to mimic as closely as possible the cellular composition, structure, and function of the …

Different theories explain how subjective experience arises from brain activity,. These
theories have independently accrued evidence, yet, confirmation bias and dependence on …

Objective No current model of consciousness is univocally accepted on either theoretical or
empirical grounds, and the need for a solid unifying framework is evident. Special attention …

Evolution is full of coevolving systems characterized by complex spatio-temporal interactions
that lead to intertwined processes of adaptation. Yet, how adaptation across multiple levels …

How deep is the current diversity in the panoply of theories to define consciousness, and to
what extent do these theories share common denominators? Here we first examine to what …