Males enjoy physical performance advantages over females within competitive sport. The
sex-based segregation into male and female sporting categories does not account for …

Objectives We systemically reviewed the literature to assess how long-term testosterone
suppressing gender-affirming hormone therapy influenced lean body mass (LBM), muscular …

Position statement: IOC framework on fairness, inclusion and non-discrimination on the basis
of gender identity and sex variations | British Journal of Sports Medicine Skip to main content …

Objective To examine the effect of gender affirming hormones on athletic performance
among transwomen and transmen. Methods We reviewed fitness test results and medical …

In line with increasing numbers of transgender (trans) and gender nonbinary people
requesting hormone treatment, the body of available research is expanding. More clinical …

Biological sex is a primary determinant of athletic performance because of fundamental sex
differences in anatomy and physiology dictated by sex chromosomes and sex hormones …

Objective For transgender women (TW) on oestrogen therapy, the effects of prior exposure
to testosterone during puberty on their performance, mainly cardiopulmonary capacity …

The fair inclusion of female athletes at elite and Olympic levels is secured in most sports by
way of female categories because of the extensively documented biological and …

The International Olympic Committee (IOC)'s Framework on Fairness, Inclusion and Non-
Discrimination on the Basis of Gender Identity and Sex Variations recommends but does not …

Context The inclusion of transgender people in elite sport has been a topic of debate. This
narrative review examines the impact of gender-affirming hormone therapy (GAHT) on …