A comprehensive review of zonal flow phenomena in plasmas is presented. While the
emphasis is on zonal flows in laboratory plasmas, planetary zonal flows are discussed as …

Nonlinear gyrokinetic equations play a fundamental role in our understanding of the long-
time behavior of strongly magnetized plasmas. The foundations of modern nonlinear …

This paper presents a theoretical framework for understanding plasma turbulence in
astrophysical plasmas. It is motivated by observations of electromagnetic and density …

The understanding and predictive capability of transport physics and plasma confinement is
reviewed from the perspective of achieving reactor-scale burning plasmas in the ITER …

The understanding and prediction of transport due to plasma microturbulence is a key open
problem in modern plasma physics, and a grand challenge for fusion energy research. Ab …

This overview is an assessment of the gyrokinetic framework and simulations to compute
turbulent transport in fusion plasmas. It covers an introduction to the gyrokinetic theory, the …

We describe a new approach to solve the electromagnetic gyrokinetic equations which is
optimized for accurate treatment of multispecies Fokker–Planck collisions including both …

In this report we present a time-explicit, Eulerian numerical scheme for the solution of the
nonlinear gyrokinetic-Maxwell equations. The treatment of electrons is fully drift-kinetic …

The first toroidal, gyrokinetic, electromagnetic simulations of small scale plasma turbulence
are presented. The turbulence considered is driven by gradients in the electron temperature …

Alpha particles with energies on the order of megaelectronvolts will be the main source of
plasma heating in future magnetic confinement fusion reactors. Instead of heating fuel ions …